Morphine |
Information on
Morphine
Drug Facts:Morphine is the principal constituent of opium and
can range in concentration from 4 to 21 percent. Commercial opium is
standardized to contain 10-percent morphine. In the United States, a small
percentage of the morphine obtained from opium is used directly (about 15
tons): the remaining is converted to codeine and other derivatives (about 120
tons). Morphine is one of the most effective drugs known for the relief of
severe pain and remains the standard against which new analgesics are measured.
Like most narcotics, the use of morphine has increased significantly in recent
years. Since 1990, there has been about a 3-fold increase in morphine products
in the United States. Morphine addiction is a very serious and sometimes life
threatening dilemma.surroundings.
Morphine is used parenterally (by injection) for preoperative
sedation, as a supplement to anesthesia, and for analgesia. It is the drug of
choice for relieving pain of myocardial infarction and for its cardiovascular
effects in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema.
Brand Names: Roxanol, Roxanol 100, Avinza, Kadian, MS
Contin, Oramorph SR, Duramorph, Astramorph PF, Astramorph/PF, Infumorph 200,
Infumorph 500, Rms. There may be other brand names for this medicine.
Street Names and Mode of Use: M, Miss Emma, monkey, white
stuff. Traditionally; morphine was almost exclusively used by injection. Today,
morphine is marketed in a variety of forms, including oral solutions, immediate
and sustained-release tablets and capsules, suppositories, and injectable
preparations. In addition, the availability of high-concentration morphine
preparations (i.e., 20-mg/ml oral solutions, 25-mg/ml injectable solutions, and
200-mg sustained-release tablets) partially reflects the use of this substance
for chronic pain management in opiate-tolerant patients. DEA Schedule II,
III/injected, swallowed, smoked.
Effects: Some side effects can be serious. If you
experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
- slow,
shallow, or irregular breathing
- blue or purple color to the
skin
- fast or
slow heartbeat
- seizures
- hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that do not
exist)
- blurred
vision
-
fainting
-
hives
- rash
- itching
- tightness in the throat
- difficulty swallowing
- swelling of the arms, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at
1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local
emergency services at 911. Symptoms of overdose may include:
- slow,
shallow, or irregular breathing
- sleepiness
- loss of consciousness
- limp muscles
- cold, clammy skin
- small pupils
- slow heartbeat
- blurred vision
- upset stomach
- fainting
Rehabilitation: Successful rehabilitation includes a
calm, stress free environment, plenty of liquids, and replenishing of vitamins
that have been burned out of the body. Use of a mild sedative to help sleep is
often helpful, as the lack of sleep is what can cause the hallucinations. After
feeling physically better, proper rehabilitation therapy can commence that
deals with relapse prevention, dealing with the reasons the addict turned to
drugs in the first place, and any personal failings that need strengthening. It
is highly recommended that a daily routine of proper exercise, nutrition, and
rest be followed as effective relapse and craving prevention. Ideally a
cleansing program would be also administered to help rid the body of the
residual toxins that can impair health in the future and cause cravings.
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